民粹主义、民主衰败、以及对民主的辩护｜讲座录音

（https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/ed8ZfVlv-eF68uG0xsgCoQ）

2018年6月底，“选·美”在北京举办了一次线下活动，由游天龙、王浩岚和我分别进行了主题报告：

同性婚姻、性少数权益与“道德滑坡”论

同性婚姻、性少数权益与“道德滑坡”论

Same-Sex Marriage, Sexual Minority Rights, and the “Moral Slippery Slope” Argument

[本文初稿撰于2013年5月14日至18日之间，以“同性婚姻的滑坡”为题，分三部分先后发表于个人博客，作为对5月17日“国际不再恐同日”的响应。其时该节日的全称为“国际不再恐惧同性恋与跨性别日（International Day Against Homophobia and Transphobia）”，2015年改为“国际不再恐惧同性恋、跨性别与双性恋日（International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia）”。定稿得由宋继杰、周炼邀请，发表于《清华西方哲学研究》第3卷第2期（2017年冬季卷），第411-437页，PDF全文下载地址为：https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3452156；初稿在网络传播的过程中，有幸收获诸多师友及不知名网友的热烈讨论，令我在修改时受益匪浅，在此一并致谢。]

「政治正确」与言论自由 | C讲坛

　　7月24日晚上，我在「C计划」和「3ESPACE」主办的「C讲坛」做了一次题为《「政治正确」和言论自由》的讲座。以下是录音整理稿，首发「C计划」公众号（PlanC-Edu），由志愿者@笨拿拿、ATOMIC、Z.xs、孑、尹小雨 整理，由叶明欣、廖廖、音十悦 编辑，特此致谢。 由于讲座时间的限制，很多问题只能浅尝辄止，还请大家不吝批判。

　　另外，昨天发的图片版「MT问答」又阵亡了，全文请移步：

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_68cd22cb0102xua2.html；或

http://dikaioslin.blogspot.com/2018/07/metoo.html。

问答两则：MeToo运动违反「无罪推定」原则吗？会导致冤假错案泛滥吗？

1.  MeToo运动违反「无罪推定」原则吗？

在对MeToo运动的反对声中，『违背程序正义』、『践踏无罪推定原则』是常见的说辞。但是这类说辞，其实是建立在对程序正义、无罪推定原则的误解之上的，需要相应的澄清。

土师暑期课程｜当代西方政治哲学研究

应北大哲学系方博老师邀请，我将于今年夏天在北大开设暑期课程《当代西方政治哲学研究》（课程号02313163），授课时间为2018年7月9日至30日，每周一至周五上午10:10–12:00，共16次课。

这门课北大校内与校外的同学均可选修。校内本科生的报名时间为今起至5月21日上午10点，校内研究生的报名时间为5月25日至6月28日上午10点，校外同学的报名时间为5月28日至6月28日上午10点。具体报名流程请参见北大暑期课程官方网站（http://summer.pku.edu.cn/）。

论最近的大字报

前两天有照片，北大三角地贴出了一张声援木（岳）田（昕）同学的大字报，不少朋友问我对此有何看法。我想或许可以对以下两个问题略加辨析：

霍金悖论（上）：顶尖科学家何以会是反哲学的哲学盲？

（本文初稿作于霍金逝世当日，终稿上篇已发端传媒，下篇待刊。）

2018.3.19 (2)

[that night]

Daddy, why are you crying?

One of my friends in China just died.

Why did he die?

Well it's complicated, I don't know how to explain it to you.

It's okay. You try to explain and I will try to understand.

Okay, let's put it this way. China has been ruled by bad guys for a long time. My friend was a good guy. He tried to fight the bad guys, but he lost.

How many bad guys are there in China?

I don't know exactly, but a lot.

A hundred? A thousand?

Well it's hard to tell the exact number... Think about some of the cartoons you've watched. Sometimes there is a big bad guy who commands an army of little bad guys. It doesn't really matter how many little bad guys there are in the army. What matters is that the big bad guy and his army are taking over.

Oh yes! Like in My Little Pony, the ... [she went on blablabla for a while and I couldn't remember the details]

You are right.

So, is it why you don't like the Chinese national flag? Because that's actually the flag of the bad guys who are ruling China?

You are right. Look at the five yellow stars on the Chinese national flag. The bad guys use the largest star to symbolize themselves, and the other four smaller stars to symbolize those ruled by them. The flag is a self-congratulation on their power.

But the flag looks beautiful. I kinda like them. Besides, grandma brought it to me. She isn't one of the bad guys, is she?

Of course she isn't. And it is nothing wrong for you to like the flag and think it beautiful. It is indeed beautiful. That's part of the bad guys' trick. They use all kinds of tricks to enchant and deceive good guys, so that it's easier for them to gain and maintain power. That's also why some good people support the bad guys. I am sure in your cartoons there are examples of this kind of tricks and deceptions.

Definitely! Like in My Little Pony, there is a Changeling who pretends to be a Unicorn. Every pony is deceived except... [she gave two names, which I've forgotten]

Exactly. So what should the good guys who see through the tricks do? Should they regard other good guys who are deceived as enemies too?

No, they should wake them up, and defeat the bad guys together.

You're right, and that is what many good guys in China are doing.

How about the U.S.? Is it ruled by good guys or bad guys?

Well right now it's ruled by bad guys. But unlike in China, here the power of the good guys are strong, so the bad guys who are ruling can't do as much harm to good guys as in China, although they really want to. Besides, in the U.S. people choose their rulers every once in a while. So the good guys have a lot of chances to expose the bad guys' lies and tricks, wake up the other good guys who are previously deceived, and win back the ruling power.

And China doesn't have that?

No, it doesn't. In China the bad guys are too strong. They have control over armies, secret police, schools, and everything. They forbid the people to choose their own leader. And they jail anyone who dare question their rule.

Has China always been like that? Always ruled by bad guys?

Well, every country has had its good days and bad days. China is no different, although it's a bit unluckier than many other countries. It has been ruled by the current gang of bad guys for quite a long time.

Will good guys eventually win? Can they save China from the bad guys?

Eventually, yes. Or so I hope. But we need to fight for that, and it may take a long time. Maybe daddy and daddy's friends will still loose, and you and your friends will be the ones who eventually defeat the bad guys and save the world. Or it may even be your daughter and her friends. But eventually good guys will win, I believe. Do you believe so?

Yes I do.

2018.3.19 (1)

Just learned that a classmate from our PKU MA program in philosophy had passed away this weekend. According to one account, he committed suicide when working overtime into dawn. A conscientious editor in a provincial publishing house, he had for years despaired over the increasingly suffocating political environment in China, where most of the books he edited were either quickly banned or subject to prolonged "review" processes that still haven't come to their end. The "unanimous" reelection of he who shall not be named was probably the last straw, as the timing of his death suggested. I couldn't help crying over the loss of a friend, a man of integrity, who limped physically due to polio yet walked through the journey of his whole life as upright as possible, which it cannot be said of most people in the world. I also am full of resentment, and wish I can live to see the day when the debts of blood be paid, the house of oppression be burned, and the lies of history be cleansed.

「三七女生节」的起源迷思：是「1986年」还是「只差一日」

我去年写过对近年来高校流行的「三七女生节」的评论（《女生节女神节》），本来不打算旧话重提，但是这几天偶然发现，几乎所有提及女生节的文章（包括不少从女权主义角度批评女生节现象的力作，比如李思磐的《妇女节变成女生节？当中国女权遇上营销和去政治化》https://theinitium.com/article/20170308-opinion-lisipan-international-womens-day/），都采信了这样一个说法：

『中国发明“女生节”的历史，可以追溯到1986年3月7日，山东大学文学与新闻传播学院、经济学院女生节联欢晚会上。』

我个人对这个说法深表怀疑。在我的印象中，这种『1986年山东大学起源』说，是最近几年才在网络上出现的。我查到最早比较有影响力的传播者，是2013年人民网的《校园过起女生节，清华女生被感动得几乎掉眼泪》一文（http://edu.people.com.cn/n/2013/0308/c1053-20717953.html） ，声称：

『1986年3月7日，山东大学文学与新闻传播学院、经济学院女生节联欢晚会在山东大学东校区科学会堂举行，此后各大媒体分别就“女生节”这一新生事物做了详尽的跟踪报道，女生节逐渐在象牙塔间蔓延』。

人民网这篇还只是含糊其辞地说『此后各大媒体……跟踪报道』，到了百度百科（https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A5%B3%E7%94%9F%E8%8A%82），便愈发言之凿凿地点出媒体的名字：

『1986年3月7日，山东大学文学与新闻传播学院、经济学院女生节联欢晚会在山东大学东校区科学会堂举行，此后，齐鲁晚报、济南时报、新华网分别就“女生节”这一新生事物做了详尽的跟踪报道。』 

——但是所有这些地方，都没有给出原始资料来源，比如齐鲁晚报、济南时报究竟是哪一天哪一版报道了『1986年3月7日山东大学的女生节』？以及八十年代哪儿来的『新华网』？如果不是这几家媒体报道，那么当时参与报道的『各大媒体』究竟有哪些？对此，我在网上找不到任何原始资料，还请能够检索到八十年代报刊媒体文章的朋友有以教我。

我为什么会对『1986年山东大学起源』这种说法抱有怀疑？因为我作为2000-2004年间本科在读的大学生、并且混迹于那几年鼎盛的各大高校bbs论坛，可以说是亲眼目睹了『三七女生节』的『发明』过程。我很清楚地记得，『三七女生节』，是一众版友在某bbs（可能是北大未名，也可能是水木清华）的『笑话（joke）版』灌水时，七嘴八舌『群策群力』出来的一个黄色笑话，大意是：

『我们应该把3月7日设为女生节。为什么？因为女生和妇女之间，只差一“日”。』

接下来的几年里，北大和清华的某些男生开始试探性地、小规模地『庆祝三七女生节』；与此同时，这个笑话也逐渐流传到其它大学的bbs。

但是『三七女生节』在全国高校的大规模普及，要等到2008-2010年间（或再往后一两年）网络电商的兴起，并且当年那些大学男生毕业工作、逐渐步入电商行业的中上层管理、开始把当年的恶趣味灌输给消费者之后。因此可以看到，网上关于女生节的讨论（包括所谓『1986年3月7日山东大学女生节』的说法），都是2010年以后集中出现的。

我敢打包票的是，在2000-2004年间，随便问哪个大学生（包括山东大学自己的学生），绝对没有谁听说过什么『1986年3月7日山东大学女生节』。当时确实有极少数地方高校有自己的女生节，但都不是在3月7日（比如广东工业大学从1991年开始，以每年11月的某一天为女生节）。『3月7日』这个日期，和背后的黄色笑话是脱不开关系的。

这就是我关于『三七女生节』起源的记忆。这个记忆当然有可能并不完整——如果有人能够找到八十年代媒体关于山东大学『三月七日女生节』的报道，并（通过后面的连续报道）证明其它高校后来的女生节（有可能也包括相关的黄色笑话）是一脉相承自最初的这个事件。但在找到确凿的原始证据之前，仅凭网络上的人云亦云，我认为这个『1986年山东大学起源说』是后来制造的迷思。

为什么要制造这样的迷思？我想原因也很简单，就是因为『三七女生节』被电商推广的早期，还有不少人清楚地记得它的不那么光彩的起源、并且心知肚明这个黄色笑话背后满溢而出的男性窥视、情色想象、与处女情结，所以才要千方百计再『发明』出一个更久远的传承，来掩盖这种尴尬，将『女生节』洗白。